Introduction to Abnormal Psychology
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PSYG2500 Abnormal Psychology/index.md
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# Introduction to Abnormal Psychology
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### Course Objectives:
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This course aims at providing students with a survey of
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behavioral disorders in terms of the biological,
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psychological, and sociocultural constellation of the
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person.
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While several orientations to the study of psychological
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disorders will be discussed, the primary emphasis will
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be put on the scientific study of these disorders from an
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empirical perspective
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### Course Intended Learning Outcomes:
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Describe and explain the symptomatology, etiology and
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therapy of various disorders introduced in the course
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using a biopsychosocial perspective;
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Apply their understanding of symptomatology and
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etiology and make a diagnosis based on presenting
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symptoms and suggest evidence-based treatments; and
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Explore and analyze the emotional, physical, and
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medical, implications of psychopathologies.
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Describe and explain the symptomatology, etiology and
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therapy of various disorders introduced in the course
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using a biopsychosocial perspective;
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Apply their understanding of symptomatology and
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etiology and make a diagnosis based on presenting
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symptoms and suggest evidence-based treatments; and
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Explore and analyze the emotional, physical, and
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medical, implications of psychopathologies.
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## What Do We Mean By Abnormality?
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### Indicators of Abnormality
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- Subjective Distress
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- Maladaptiveness
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- Statistical Deviancy
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- Violation of the Standards of Society
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- Social Discomfort
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- Irrationality and Unpredictability
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- Dangerousness
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### Mental Disorder
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- Associated with distress or disability.
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- Biological, psychological, or developmental dysfunction in individual.
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- Clinically significant disturbance in behavior, emotional regulation,
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or cognitive function.
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## Classification and Diagnosis
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### Advantages of Classification Systems
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- Provide nomenclature and common language
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- Allow information structuring
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- Facilitate research
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- Establish the range of problems to address
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### Disadvantages of Classification
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- Loss of individual’s information
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- Stigma and stereotyping associated with diagnosis
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- Self-concept impacted by diagnostic labeling
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### Is there Any Way for US To Reduce Prejudicial Attitudes Toward People Who Are
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Mentally ill?
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*Arthur and Colleagues (2010)*
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- Negative reactions are widespread global phenomena
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- Understanding of neurobiological basis does not lessen
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stigma
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- Actual contact with individuals does lessen stigma
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## Culture and Abnormality
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- Presentation of disorders found worldwide
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- Certain forms of highly culture-specific psychopathology
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## How Common Are Mental Disorders?
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Significant question for many reasons:
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Planning, establishing, and funding mental health services for specific disorders;
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Providing clues to causes of mental disorders.
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### Epidemiology
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**Epidemiology:** Study of distribution of diseases, disorders, or health-related
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behaviors in a given population.
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**Prevalence:** Number of active cases in population during any given period of
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time. Different types of prevalence estimates (point, 1-year, lifetime).
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**Incidence:** Number of new cases in population over given period of time. Incidence figures are typically lower than prevalence figures
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### Treatment
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- Not all people receive treatment
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- Vast majority of treatment is done on outpatient basis
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- Inpatient hospitalization typically in psychiatric units
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### Mental Health Professionals
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#### Diagnosis and assessment involves participants who:
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- Play differing roles in the process
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- Gather comprehensive evaluation patient data
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#### Related Jobs including:
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- Clinical Psychologist
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- Educational Psychologist
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- Counseling Psychologist
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- School Psychologist
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- Psychiatrist
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- Clinical Social Worker
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- Psychiatric Nurse
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- Occupational Therapist
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- Pastoral Counselor
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## Research Approaches in Abnormal Psychology
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### Benefits of Research
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• Learn about a disorder’s symptoms, prevalence,
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duration (acute, chronic), and accompanying problems
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• Understand etiology and nature of disorder
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• Discover how to provide the best patient care
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## Sources of Information
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**Case studies: **
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Specific individual observed and described in detail.
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Subject to bias of author of case study.
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**Self-report data:**
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Participants asked to provide information about themselves.
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Interviews.
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**Observational approaches:**
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Collecting information without asking participants directly for it.
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Outward behavior can be observed directly.
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